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碎石类土先用镐翻松，正向挖掘，每层深度，视翻土厚度而定，每层应清底和出土，然后逐步挖掘。Graveltypesoilfirstusepicktoloose,thenforwardexcavatewitheachlayerdepthdependedonthethicknessofdiggingsoil.Clearthebottomanddigouttheearthbylayerandthenexcavategradually.

5)在开挖槽边弃土时，应保证边坡和直立帮的稳定。当土质良好时，抛于槽边的土方（或材料），应距槽（沟）边缘0．8m以外，高度不宜超过1m。开挖基坑（槽）的土方，在场地有条件堆放时，留足回填需用的好土，多余的土方运出，避免二次搬运。Excavatesideearthshouldensurethestabilityoftheslopeandupright.Whenthesoilisfine,throwearthonthegrooveside(ormaterial)0.8mawayfromthepit(groove)edgewithheightmorethan1m.Stackbackfillsoilifithasconditionsandmovetheexcessearthouttoavoidsecondaryhandling.

机械与人工相结合开挖路线（A472至C581南线与北线）Mechanicalandmanualexcavationline(A472toC581SouthLineandNorthLine)

人工开挖路线（A472至B301S支线）Manualexcavationline(A472toB301SBranch)

在人工开挖路线上河道整治工程施工方案[1]，安排人员进行开挖，不得机械开挖。开挖过程中需要小心谨慎，注意地下管线。Arrangepersonnelonmanualexcavationlineratherthantakingmechanicalexcavation.Payattentiontoundergroundpipelines.

雨期开挖基坑（槽）时，应注意边坡稳定，必要时可适当放缓边坡或设置支撑。同时应在坑（槽）外侧围以土堤或开挖水沟，防止地面水流入。施工时应加强对边坡、支撑、土堤等的检查。Onpluvialdaysexcavatepit(groove),payattentiontoslopestability.Ifnecessary,lowslopeorsetupsupport.Meanwhileencloseembankmentaroundthepit(groove)ordidaditchtopreventsurfacewaterinflow.Strengthenoncheckingtheslope,support,embankmentetc.

8）土方开挖不宜在冬期施工。如必须在冬期施工时，其施工方法应按冬施方案进行。Earthexcavationshouldnotbedoneinthewinterperiod.Ifnecessary,takewinterprogram.

开挖电缆沟时，必须防止沟底基土遭受冻结，如沟槽开挖完毕至埋设电缆之间，有较长的停歇时间，应在基底标高以上预留适当厚度的松土，或用其他保温材料覆盖Preventthegroovebasesoilbefrozen,suchastheintervalbetweentrenchexcavationandcablelayingreserveloosesoilwithappropriatethicknessabovebasementelevationorcoverwithotherthermalinsulationmaterial.

9）开槽后及时约请各有关人员验槽，验槽合格后方可进行下道工序。Inviterelatedpersonneltochecktheexcavatedtrenchandcarryoutthenextworkingprocedureafterpassingtheexamination.

六.质量控制QualityControl

6.1电缆沟外形尺寸允许偏差表Allowabledeviatedexternaldimensionsofcabletrenchtable

允许偏差项目allowabledeviation

电缆沟外形尺寸允许偏差allowabledeviatedexternaldimensionsofcabletrenchtable

允许偏差（mm）allowabledeviation

检验方法testmethod

标高elevation

＋0mm ，－50mm

用水准仪检查waterlevelcheck

长度、宽度length,width

由设计中心向两边量、拉线和尺量检查designcentermeasureandpulllineonbothsidesandrulerinspection

steepsideslope

不允许notallowed

坡度尺检查gradientrulerinspection

6.2应注意的质量问题Qualityissues

4）施工顺序不合理：土方开挖宜先从低处开挖，分层分段依次进行，形成一定坡度，以利排水。Theconstructionsequenceisunreasonable:earthexcavationshouldbeginfromthelowerplace,layerbylayerandsectionbysectioninturn;formacertainslopetofacilitatedrainage.

5）开挖尺寸不足：电缆沟底部的开挖宽度，应根据施工需要增加工作面宽度。Theexcavationsizeisnotenough:Cabletrenchbottomwidthshouldbeincreasedasperconstructionneeds.

6）电缆沟边坡不直不平、基底不平：应加强检查，随挖随修，并要认真验收。Slopeisnotstraightandbaseisuneven:strengtheninspection,repaircabletrench,andthenacceptseriously.

七.成品保护FinishedProtection

2)土方开挖时，应防止邻近已有建筑物或构筑物、道路、管线等发生下沉和变形。必要时应与设计单位或建设单位协商采取防护措施，并在施工中进行沉降或位移观测。Notesubsidenceanddeformationofneighboringexistingbuildingsorstructures,roads,pipelinesetc.Takeprotectivemeasureswithdesignandconstructionunitandconstructobservationonsettlementordisplacement.

3)在敷设有地上或地下管线、电缆的地段进行土方施工时，应事先取得有关管理部门的书面同意，施工中应采取措施，以防止损坏管线，造成严重事故Conductearthworkontheareaneedstolaygroundorundergroundpipelines,cablespriortogettingwrittenconsentoftherelevantadministrativedepartments.Onconstructiontakemeasurestopreventdamagingpipelinesandcauseseriousaccidents.

八.施工记录ConstructionofRecord

1)自互检记录。Selfandmutualinspectionrecords

九.安全生产、文明施工要求和措施SafetyandCivilizedConstructionRequestsandMeasures

1）开工前应做好施工场地内的道路，开辟适当的工作面，做好检查和必要的加宽、加固工作XX 区行政商业中心室内给排水、消防及自动报警系统施工组织设计，以利安全施工。Buildsiteroadsandappropriateworkarea.Widenandstrengthenordertofacilitatesafeconstruction.

2）电缆沟开挖工程应注意边坡和基坑的稳定性，一般应按先深后浅的顺序施工，并应采取必要的保护措施。Notethestabilityoftheslopeandbase,generallyconstructfromdeeptoshallowandtakenecessaryprotectivemeasures.

4）夜间施工时，应合理安排施工项目，防止挖方超挖超深。施工现场应根据需要设置足够的照明设施，在危险地段应设置红灯警示。Rationallyarrangenightconstructionprojectsandpreventtheultraexcavation.Theconstructionsetupadequatelightingfacilitiesandredlightwarningondangerouslines.

5）土方开挖前，应会同有关单位对附近以有的建筑物、构筑物、道路等管线进行检查和鉴定，并在整个施工期间，加强监测，发现问题应与设计或建设单位协商采取防护措施，并及时处理。Inspectandappraisenearbybuildings,structures,roads,pipelineswithrelevantunits.Strengthenmonitoringandconsultwiththedesignortheconstructionunittotakeprotectivemeasuresandtimelyprocessissuesfound.

6）电缆沟四周设置的防护栏杆应符合安全规定。Aroundcabletrenchsetprotectiverailingsaspersafetyrequirements.

8）电缆沟的开挖或回填应连续进行，尽快完成。施工中应防止地面水流入沟内，以免边坡塌方或基土遭到破坏。Cabletrenchexcavationorbackfillingshallbecontinuousandspeedy.Preventwatergoingintothetrenchtocauseslopeordamagethebase.

9）雨季施工或电缆沟挖好后不能及时进行下一道工序时，可在基底标高以上留150～300MM一层不挖，待下一工序开始时再挖除。Donotdothenextprocesswhenfinishtheexcavationoronrainingseason,butleave150～300MMbaseelevationuntilthenextprocess.

10）开工前准备好安全设施，现场安排充足的管理人员，做到随时有人巡检；机械作业必须有人守护，防止事故发生；进场的工人必须进行安全教育培训，挖土前必须进行技术交底并签字，同时与工人签定安全用工合同。Preparesafetyfacilitiesandadequatemanagementpersonneltodosomeinspectionatanytime;machineoperationsmustbeguardedtopreventaccidents;conductsafetyeducationandtrainingandtechnicalclarification;signsafetyemploymentcontractswithworkers.

HJ 347.2-2018 水质 粪大肠菌群的测定 多管发酵法附厂区电缆沟图：Attached:cabletrenchdrawing